部署windows端的，因和服务端不在一个网络，会出现错误，主要是路由没返回的静态路由，2级路由是小米的，没法设置，（没去查看

容器介绍，

1、整体容器服务改动 → docker‑compose.yml

位置：你存放编排文件的目录

适合修改场景：

新增、删减监控容器（例如再加装日志组件 loki）

修改容器端口、开机策略、磁盘挂载目录、时区、特权权限

更换 cadvisor、grafana、prometheus 镜像版本

改完重载命令：

bash

docker‑compose up -d

2、监控采集规则、采集地址、采集间隔 → prometheus.yml

路径：/root/docker_data/prom_config/prometheus.yml

日常最常改动这个文件：

添加新设备、新容器的监控采集地址

修改 15 秒采集间隔、新增告警配置

给监控标签、主机备注名称

编辑保存之后重载生效，不用重启容器：

bash

curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:9090/-/reload

3、仪表盘、数据源、面板配置（不需要改本地文件）

全部在 Grafana 网页后台操作：

新增 / 删除数据源、导入监控面板 8191、14282

调整图表样式、颜色、告警提醒

数据储存在 /root/docker_data/grafana_data，网页操作自动写入，不用手动编辑文件

简单总结

容器启停、镜像、挂载：改 docker‑compose.yml

采集任务、监控目标：改 prometheus.yml

图表看板：浏览器进入 Grafana 页面调整即可

内网部署段，是软路由

# compose 文件协议版本，version3 是软路由Docker最通用稳定版本
version: "3"

# 创建专属独立网桥，让 prometheus 和 grafana 内网互通，隔绝其他容器，避免端口冲突
networks:
  monitor-net:

services:
  prometheus:
    # 使用本地已经导入完毕的监控镜像
    image: prom/prometheus:latest
    # 设定容器固定名称，后续操作直接调用该名字
    container_name: prometheus
    # 容器崩溃、软路由重启，自动重启容器，实现开机自启
    restart: always
    # =========资源限制重点=========
    # mem_limit:512m 容器最大允许占用内存512MB，超过会被系统限制，防止监控吃光路由内存
    mem_limit: 512m
    # cpus:1.5 最多只能使用1.5个CPU核心，不会抢占软路由拨号、流控的处理器性能
    cpus: 1.5
    # 端口映射：主机9090端口 → 容器内9090，浏览器访问监控后台
    ports:
      - "9090:9090"
    # 目录挂载：主机文件夹映射进容器，配置、监控数据持久保存
    volumes:
      - /root/docker_data/prom_config:/etc/prometheus
      - /root/docker_data/prom_data:/prometheus
    # Prometheus 启动运行参数
    command:
      # 指定监控配置文件位置
      - --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
      # 时序监控数据存储路径
      - --storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus
      # 监控数据只保留15天，过期自动清理，避免硬盘存满
      - --storage.tsdb.retention.time=15d
      # 开启配置热重载，修改配置无需重启容器
      - --web.enable-lifecycle
      # 关闭高危管理员API接口，规避内网安全风险
      - --web.enable-admin-api=false
    # 环境变量，设置容器时区为北京时间，监控时间不会错乱
    environment:
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
    # 接入专属监控网桥
    networks:
      - monitor-net


  grafana:
    # 本地现成的可视化面板镜像
    image: grafana/grafana:latest
    # 容器固定名称
    container_name: grafana
    # 设备重启、程序异常后自动重启
    restart: always
    # 面板程序最大内存上限512MB
    mem_limit: 512m
    # 最多占用1颗CPU核心，节省R5C硬件资源
    cpus: 1
    # 网页端口，主机3000端口打开可视化仪表盘
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    # 挂载面板配置、图表数据，删除容器数据也不会丢失
    volumes:
      - /root/docker_data/grafana_data:/var/lib/grafana
    environment:
      # 同步东八区北京时间
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
      # 关闭匿名访客登录，必须账号密码登录仪表盘
      GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED: false
    # 加入监控网桥，和prometheus互相通信获取监控数据
    networks:
      - monitor-net

会有警告

oot@iStoreOS:~# docker-compose up -d
WARN[0000] /root/docker-compose.yml: the attribute version is obsolete, it wil l be ignored, please remove it to avoid potential confusion
[+] Running 3/5
✔ Network root_monitor-net Cre ated0.0s ner prometheus Creating 0.1s
⠙ Container grafana Sta rting0.2s
⠙ Container prometheus Sta rting0.2s
[+] Running 3/5he requested image's platform (linux/amd64) does not match the de ✔ Network root_monitor-net Cre ated0.0s a Your kernel does not support swap limit capabilities or the cgroup is ⠹ Container grafana Sta rting0.3s
⠹ Container prometheus Sta rting0.3s
[+] Running 3/5he requested image's platform (linux/amd64) does not match the de ✔ Network root_monitor-net Cre ated0.0s a Your kernel does not support swap limit capabilities or the cgroup is ⠸ Container grafana Sta rting0.4s
⠸ Container prometheus Sta rting0.4s
[+] Running 3/5he requested image's platform (linux/amd64) does not match the de ✔ Network root_monitor-net Cre ated0.0s a Your kernel does not support swap limit capabilities or the cgroup is ⠼ Container graf

报错声明

、version 属性已经过时，可以直接删掉

新版‑docker‑compose 已经不需要版本声明，直接删除第一行 version:"3"

2、the requested image's platform (linux/amd64) does not match the device

你的 R5C 是 ARM‑aarch64 架构，但你导入的 prom/prometheus:latest 是 x86 (amd64) 版本镜像，架构不兼容，容器无法正常启动，这是最关键问题！

3、Your kernel does not support swap limit capabilities

iStoreOS 内核不支持内存交换分区限制，直接删掉 mem_limit、cpus 资源限制参数即可，软路由内核不支持 cgroup 内存管控

修正之后最终可用 compose（适配 R5C‑ARM 架构）

# 已删除过时的version字段
networks:
  monitor-net:

services:
  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus:latest
    container_name: prometheus
    restart: always
    ports:
      - "9090:9090"
    volumes:
      - /root/docker_data/prom_config:/etc/prometheus
      - /root/docker_data/prom_data:/prometheus
    command:
      - --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
      - --storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus
      - --storage.tsdb.retention.time=15d
      - --web.enable-lifecycle
      - --web.enable-admin-api=false
    environment:
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
    networks:
      - monitor-net

  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana:latest
    container_name: grafana
    restart: always
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    volumes:
      - /root/docker_data/grafana_data:/var/lib/grafana
    environment:
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
      GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED: false
    networks:
      - monitor-net

  1. 停止当前出错容器

bash

docker-compose down

  1. 删除现在 x86 架构、无法运行的 prometheus 镜像

bash

docker rmi prom/prometheus:latest


root@iStoreOS:~# docker logs prometheus
Error parsing command line arguments: unexpected false
prometheus: error: unexpected false
Error parsing command line arguments: unexpected false
prometheus: error: unexpected false
Error parsing command line arguments: unexpected false
prometheus: error: unexpected false
Error parsing command line arguments: unexpected false
prometheus: error: unexpected false
Error parsing command line arguments: unexpected false
prometheus: error: unexpected false
Error parsing command line arguments: unexpected false
prometheus: error: unexpected false
Error parsing command line arguments: unexpected false
prometheus: error: unexpected false
Error parsing command line arguments: unexpected false
prometheus: error: unexpected false
Error parsing command line arguments: unexpected false
prometheus: error: unexpected false
Error parsing command line arguments: unexpected false
prometheus: error: unexpected false
Error parsing command line arguments: unexpected false
prometheus: error: unexpected false
root@iStoreOS:~# docker logs grafana
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
root@iStoreOS:~#

故障 1：Prometheus 报错 unexpected‑false

根源：你的 yml 文件 command 参数依旧残留 --xxx=false

Prometheus 命令行参数属于开关，不支持 =true / =false；需要关闭该功能直接删掉整行参数

prometheus 的 command 命令行不能带任何 --xxx=false，开关参数只能开启、不能赋值 false

故障 2：Grafana 权限拒绝

挂载目录权限不足，容器内置普通用户无法写入文件夹，需要开放权限 + 指定 root 用户运行

步骤 1：先关停旧容器

bash

docker-compose down

步骤 2：给挂载目录全开权限（iStoreOS 必做）

bash

chmod -R 777 /root/docker_data

ommand 里面没有任何=false参数，grafana 强制 root 启动规避权限

services:
  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus:latest
    container_name: prometheus
    restart: always
    network_mode: host
    volumes:
      - /root/docker_data/prom_config:/etc/prometheus
      - /root/docker_data/prom_data:/prometheus
    command:
      - --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
      - --storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus
      - --storage.tsdb.retention.time=15d
      - --web.enable-lifecycle
    environment:
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai

  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana:latest
    container_name: grafana
    restart: always
    network_mode: host
    user: root
    volumes:
      - /root/docker_data/grafana_data:/var/lib/grafana
    environment:
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
      GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED: false

network_mode: host 模式不需要 ports 端口映射，容器直接共用主机全部网卡，端口直接绑定宿主机；你不习惯 host 模式，那咱们切回桥接模式、手动写明端口，同时修复命令报错、权限问题。

root@iStoreOS:~# docker logs grafana
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied
root@iStoreOS:~#
root@iStoreOS:~# chmod -R 777 /root/docker_data
root@iStoreOS:~# docker-compose down
[+] Running 3/3
 ✔ Container grafana         Removed                                                                                                                                                                     0.0s
 ✔ Container prometheus      Removed                                                                                                                                                                     0.0s
 ✔ Network root_monitor-net  Removed                                                                                                                                                                     0.2s
root@iStoreOS:~# ls
docker-compose.yml  docker_data         nohup.out           prometheus.tar
root@iStoreOS:~# vi docker-compose.yml
root@iStoreOS:~# cat > /root/docker_data/prom_config/prometheus.yml <<EOF
> global:
>   scrape_interval: 15s
> scrape_configs:
>   - job_name: "prometheus本体"
>     static_configs:
>       - targets: ["127.0.0.1:9090"]
> EOF
root@iStoreOS:~# docker-compose up -d
[+] Running 2/2
 ✔ Container grafana     Started                                                                                                                                                                         0.4s
 ✔ Container prometheus  Started                                                                                                                                                                         0.4s
root@iStoreOS:~# docker logs prometheus
time=2026-08-05T15:14:13.390+08:00 level=INFO source=main.go:1730 msg="updated GOGC" old=100 new=75
time=2026-08-05T15:14:13.391+08:00 level=INFO source=main.go:789 msg="Leaving GOMAXPROCS=4: CPU quota undefined" component=automaxprocs
time=2026-08-05T15:14:13.392+08:00 level=INFO source=memlimit.go:198 msg="GOMEMLIMIT is updated" component=automemlimit package=github.com/KimMachineGun/automemlimit/memlimit GOMEMLIMIT=3706715750 previous=9223372036854775807
time=2026-08-05T15:14:13.392+08:00 level=INFO source=main.go:896 msg="Starting Prometheus Server" mode=server version="(version=3.13.2, branch=HEAD, revision=bb5dff00cf8fdfbf5c65e0531aa835fa238a43a2)"
time=2026-08-05T15:14:13.392+08:00 level=INFO source=main.go:901 msg="operational information" build_context="(go=go1.26.5, platform=linux/arm64, user=root@56a9973e8bdd, date=20260730-11:34:45, tags=netgo,builtinassets)" host_details="(Linux 6.6.144 #0 SMP Wed Jul 29 05:40:29 2026 aarch64 iStoreOS (none))" fd_limits="(soft=1048576, hard=1048576)" vm_limits="(soft=unlimited, hard=unlimited)"
time=2026-08-05T15:14:14.275+08:00 level=INFO source=web.go:727 msg="Start listening for connections" component=web address=0.0.0.0:9090
time=2026-08-05T15:14:14.277+08:00 level=INFO source=main.go:1462 msg="Starting TSDB ..."
time=2026-08-05T15:14:14.294+08:00 level=INFO source=head.go:709 msg="Replaying on-disk memory mappable chunks if any" component=tsdb
time=2026-08-05T15:14:14.294+08:00 level=INFO source=head.go:795 msg="On-disk memory mappable chunks replay completed" component=tsdb duration=7µs
time=2026-08-05T15:14:14.294+08:00 level=INFO source=head.go:803 msg="Replaying WAL, this may take a while" component=tsdb
time=2026-08-05T15:14:14.296+08:00 level=INFO source=head.go:898 msg="WAL segment loaded" component=tsdb segment=0 maxSegment=0 duration=1.256764ms
time=2026-08-05T15:14:14.296+08:00 level=INFO source=head.go:935 msg="WAL replay completed" component=tsdb checkpoint_replay_duration=253.162µs wal_replay_duration=1.593048ms wbl_replay_duration=1.166µs chunk_snapshot_load_duration=0s mmap_chunk_replay_duration=7µs total_replay_duration=1.972498ms
time=2026-08-05T15:14:14.302+08:00 level=INFO source=tls_config.go:354 msg="Listening on" component=web address=[::]:9090
time=2026-08-05T15:14:14.303+08:00 level=INFO source=tls_config.go:357 msg="TLS is disabled." component=web http2=false address=[::]:9090
time=2026-08-05T15:14:14.309+08:00 level=INFO source=main.go:1483 msg="filesystem information" fs_type=OVERLAYFS_SUPER_MAGIC
time=2026-08-05T15:14:14.309+08:00 level=INFO source=main.go:1486 msg="TSDB started"
time=2026-08-05T15:14:14.309+08:00 level=INFO source=main.go:1684 msg="Loading configuration file" filename=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
time=2026-08-05T15:14:14.310+08:00 level=INFO source=main.go:1100 msg="TSDB retention updated" duration=15d size=0B percentage=0
time=2026-08-05T15:14:14.314+08:00 level=INFO source=main.go:1723 msg="Completed loading of configuration file" db_storage=209.12µs remote_storage=7.874µs web_handler=2.625µs query_engine=2.917µs scrape=2.60511ms scrape_sd=146.122µs notify=5.833µs notify_sd=2.917µs rules=5.25µs tracing=24.207µs filename=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml totalDuration=4.12641ms
time=2026-08-05T15:14:14.314+08:00 level=INFO source=main.go:1447 msg="Server is ready to receive web requests."
time=2026-08-05T15:14:14.314+08:00 level=INFO source=manager.go:211 msg="Starting rule manager..." component="rule manager"
root@iStoreOS:~# docker logs grafana
Grafana server is running with elevated privileges. This is not recommended
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.988118138+08:00 level=info msg="Starting Grafana" version=13.1.2 commit=7f247b37a4e51a1ed33904ec63ac6c6087bf7f48 branch=release-13.1.2#patched compiled=2026-08-04T18:18:20+08:00
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.993309399+08:00 level=info msg="Unified migration configs enforced" storage_type=unified target=[all]
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.993480896+08:00 level=info msg="Enforcing mode 5 for resource in unified storage" resource=dashboards.dashboard.grafana.app
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.993515312+08:00 level=info msg="Enforcing mode 5 for resource in unified storage" resource=playlists.playlist.grafana.app
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.993540394+08:00 level=info msg="Enforcing mode 5 for resource in unified storage" resource=folders.folder.grafana.app
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.994382126+08:00 level=info msg="Config loaded from" file=/usr/share/grafana/conf/defaults.ini
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.994429667+08:00 level=info msg="Config loaded from" file=/etc/grafana/grafana.ini
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.994454166+08:00 level=info msg="Config overridden from command line" arg="default.paths.data=/var/lib/grafana"
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.994476624+08:00 level=info msg="Config overridden from command line" arg="default.paths.logs=/var/log/grafana"
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.994498207+08:00 level=info msg="Config overridden from command line" arg="default.paths.plugins=/var/lib/grafana/plugins"
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.994525914+08:00 level=info msg="Config overridden from command line" arg="default.paths.provisioning=/etc/grafana/provisioning"
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.994549539+08:00 level=info msg="Config overridden from command line" arg="default.log.mode=console"
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.994645787+08:00 level=info msg="Config overridden from Environment variable" var="GF_PATHS_DATA=/var/lib/grafana"
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.994679036+08:00 level=info msg="Config overridden from Environment variable" var="GF_PATHS_LOGS=/var/log/grafana"
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.994702952+08:00 level=info msg="Config overridden from Environment variable" var="GF_PATHS_PLUGINS=/var/lib/grafana/plugins"
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.99472541+08:00 level=info msg="Config overridden from Environment variable" var="GF_PATHS_PROVISIONING=/etc/grafana/provisioning"
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.994746701+08:00 level=info msg="Config overridden from Environment variable" var="GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED=false"
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.994767409+08:00 level=info msg="Config overridden from Environment variable" var="GF_PATHS_HOME=/usr/share/grafana"
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.994787534+08:00 level=info msg="Config overridden from Environment variable" var="GF_PATHS_CONFIG=/etc/grafana/grafana.ini"
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.994808825+08:00 level=info msg=Target target=[all]
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.994851116+08:00 level=info msg="Path Home" path=/usr/share/grafana
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.994873865+08:00 level=info msg="Path Data" path=/var/lib/grafana
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.994896323+08:00 level=info msg="Path Logs" path=/var/log/grafana
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.994922572+08:00 level=info msg="Path Plugins" path="[/var/lib/grafana/plugins /usr/share/grafana/data/plugins-bundled]"
logger=settings t=2026-08-05T15:14:14.994958738+08:00 level=info msg="Path Provisioning" path=/etc/grafana/provisioning

下载windows Prometheus.WindowsExporte

PowerShell 一键安装（首选，不需要手动下载）
右键以管理员身份打开 PowerShell，运行：
powershell
winget install Prometheus.WindowsExporter -e --silent

步骤 2：定位 exe 完整路径

powershell

where.exe windows_exporter


PS C:\Users\Administrator> where.exe windows_exporter
C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WinGet\Links\windows_exporter.exe
PS C:\Users\Administrator>

sc.exe create windows_exporter binPath="C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WinGet\Links\windows_exporter.exe" start= auto

关键点：

  1. 写成 sc.exe，避开 PowerShell 别名

  2. start= 等号后面必须带空格

启动服务

net start windows_exporter

#查看状态 Get-Service windows_exporter

端口放行

New-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName "windows_exporter_9182" -Direction Inbound -LocalPort 9182 -Protocol TCP -Action Allow

PS C:\Users\Administrator> explorer C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WinGet\Packages 找到文件，改到其他文件路径

PS C:\Users\Administrator> sc.exe delete windows_exporter

[SC] DeleteService 成功

PS C:\Users\Administrator> sc.exe create windows_exporter binPath="C:\jisnkong\Prometheus.WindowsExporter_Microsoft.Winget.Source_8wekyb3d8bbwe\windows_exporter.exe" start= auto

[SC] CreateService 失败 1072:

指定的服务已标记为删除。

失败的原因，就是，需要重启powershell

安装之后程序存放路径：

C:\jisnkong\Prometheus.WindowsExporter_Microsoft.Winget.Source_8wekyb3d8bbwe\windows_exporter.exe

注册系统服务，开机后台启动

命令行使用管理员权限启动

命令提示符 (管理员)
sc create win_exporter binPath= "\"C:\jisnkong\Prometheus.WindowsExporter_Microsoft.Winget.Source_8wekyb3d8bbwe\windows_exporter.exe\" --web.listen-address=:9182" start= auto

net start win_exporter 启动服务

net stop win_exporter #停止监控

sc delete win_exporter #删除旧服务重装

sc query win_exporter #查看运行状态

防火墙放行 9182 端口，局域网可访问

cmd

netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="windows_exporter 9182" dir=in action=allow protocol=TCP localport=9182

http://127.0.0.1:9182/metrics

直接先舍弃，windows ,那边，因为网络不同，

直接只先监控这个arm主机，和 上面的docker 容器，

services:
  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus:latest
    container_name: prometheus
    restart: always
    network_mode: host
    volumes:
      - /root/docker_data/prom_config:/etc/prometheus
      - /root/docker_data/prom_data:/prometheus
    command:
      - --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
      - --storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus
      - --storage.tsdb.retention.time=15d
      - --web.enable-lifecycle
    environment:
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai

  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana:latest
    container_name: grafana
    restart: always
    network_mode: host
    user: root
    volumes:
      - /root/docker_data/grafana_data:/var/lib/grafana
    environment:
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
      GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED: false

  node-exporter:
    image: prom/node-exporter:latest
    container_name: node-exporter
    restart: always
    network_mode: host
    pid: host
    volumes:
      - /proc:/host/proc:ro
      - /sys:/host/sys:ro
      - /:/rootfs:ro

  cadvisor:
    image: gcr.nju.edu.cn/cadvisor/cadvisor:v0.47.2
    container_name: cadvisor
    restart: always
    network_mode: host
    privileged: true
    volumes:
      - /:/rootfs:ro
      - /var/run:/var/run:ro
      - /sys:/sys:ro
      - /var/lib/docker/:/var/lib/docker:ro

监控架构整体介绍

整套由 4 个 Docker 容器组成，专门给你的 iStore‑OS 软路由做主机 + 容器监控：

  1. Prometheus：时序数据库，采集、存放各项硬件和容器监控数据

  2. Grafana：可视化仪表盘，图表展示 CPU、内存、硬盘、网速、Docker 容器占用

  3. node‑exporter：读取软路由整机系统硬件数据

  4. cAdvisor：专门抓取每一个 Docker 容器资源占用

需要手动创建的文件夹 & 文件

1、目录路径（全部放在 /root/docker_data 下面）

依次执行下面命令新建文件夹

bash

mkdir -p /root/docker_data/prom_config
mkdir -p /root/docker_data/prom_data
mkdir -p /root/docker_data/grafana_data

文件夹作用：

  1. /root/docker_data/prom_config：存放 prometheus 配置文件 prometheus.yml

  2. /root/docker_data/prom_data：存放监控历史数据库数据

  3. /root/docker_data/grafana_data：存放仪表盘、账号配置

2、必须新建两个文件

① docker‑compose.yml（启动编排文件）

yaml

services:
  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus:latest
    container_name: prometheus
    restart: always
    network_mode: host
    volumes:
      - /root/docker_data/prom_config:/etc/prometheus
      - /root/docker_data/prom_data:/prometheus
    command:
      - --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
      - --storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus
      - --storage.tsdb.retention.time=15d
      - --web.enable-lifecycle
    environment:
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai

  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana:latest
    container_name: grafana
    restart: always
    network_mode: host
    user: root
    volumes:
      - /root/docker_data/grafana_data:/var/lib/grafana
    environment:
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
      GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED: false

  node-exporter:
    image: prom/node-exporter:latest
    container_name: node-exporter
    restart: always
    network_mode: host
    pid: host
    volumes:
      - /proc:/host/proc:ro
      - /sys:/host/sys:ro
      - /:/rootfs:ro

  cadvisor:
    image: gcr.nju.edu.cn/cadvisor/cadvisor:v0.47.2
    container_name: cadvisor
    restart: always
    network_mode: host
    privileged: true
    volumes:
      - /:/rootfs:ro
      - /var/run:/var/run:ro
      - /sys:/sys:ro
      - /var/lib/docker/:/var/lib/docker:ro

② prometheus.yml（采集规则配置）

存放路径：/root/docker_data/prom_config/prometheus.yml

yaml

global:
  scrape_interval: 15s
  evaluation_interval: 15s

rule_files:
  # - "alert_rules.yml"

scrape_configs:
  #监控prometheus自身状态
  - job_name: 'prometheus'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['127.0.0.1:9090']

  #整机硬件资源监控
  - job_name: 'node-exporter'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['192.168.6.1:9100']
        labels:
          group: "linux服务器"
          name: "BWH-LA"
          ip: "192.168.6.1"

  #docker容器监控
  - job_name: 'cadvisor'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['127.0.0.1:8080']
        labels:
          group: "linux服务器"
          name: "BWH-LA"
          ip: "192.168.6.1"

三、逐个镜像详细解释、选用原因

1、prom/prometheus:latest

  • 用途：开源时序型监控数据库，定时抓取各项指标、储存历史数据

  • 为什么选它：

    监控体系最主流的采集储存引擎，生态成熟，绝大多数硬件、容器监控组件都适配 Prometheus；latest 代表官方最新稳定版本。

2、grafana/grafana:latest

  • 用途：监控可视化面板，把枯燥的数字做成曲线图、仪表盘

  • 为什么选它：

    行业最主流可视化工具，适配 Prometheus，网上有大量现成一键导入的软路由、主机、Docker 监控模板。

3、prom/node‑exporter:latest

  • 用途：读取 Linux 底层硬件信息（CPU、内存、磁盘、温度、网卡网速、负载）

  • 为什么选它：

    Prometheus 官方出品的主机采集器，兼容性最好，专门读取 /proc、/sys 系统文件获取硬件参数。

4、gcr.nju.edu.cn/cadvisor/cadvisor:v0.47.2

  • 原版官方地址：gcr.io/cadvisor/cadvisor

  • 南大镜像站只是国内加速镜像，程序本体一模一样

  • 用途：Docker 容器专属监控，可以单独查看每一个容器 CPU、内存、硬盘读写、网速

  • 选用 v0.47.2 原因：

    1. 新版部分版本在 iStore‑OS 底层内核容易出现兼容报错

    2. v0.47.2 是大量软路由用户实测稳定的版本

    3. 南京大学镜像源国内下载速度很快，不需要翻墙拉取谷歌仓库镜像

四、关键参数通俗讲解

  1. network_mode: host

    容器直接共用软路由本机网卡，端口直接开放在 192.168.6.1，无需手动映射端口

  • Prometheus：9090

  • Grafana：3000

  • node‑exporter：9100

  • cadvisor：8080

  1. volumes 挂载

    把宿主机文件夹映射进容器，保证重装容器之后配置、监控数据不会丢失

  2. privileged:true

    cadvisor 需要很高权限读取 docker 底层数据，必须开启特权模式

  3. restart:always

    Docker 开机自动启动，意外崩溃之后自动重启

五、完整部署顺序

  1. 创建 3 个文件夹

  2. 写入 docker‑compose.yml

  3. 写入 prometheus.yml

  4. 启动：docker‑compose up -d

  5. 浏览器访问

    • Prometheus：192.168.6.1:9090

    • Grafana 面板：192.168.6.1:3000

Grafana

Grafana

Grafana 用法

Grafana 是一款可视化监控面板工具，本身不会主动采集数据，只负责把各类监控数据源的数据做成曲线图、仪表盘、柱状图、告警。

一、能够对接的数据源（它可以搭配很多软件）

  1. Prometheus（你现在在用）：最热门，服务器、软路由、Docker‑容器、硬件资源监控

  2. InfluxDB、TimescaleDB：时序数据库，网速、带宽、设备长时间数据

  3. MySQL、PostgreSQL：数据库的数据图表展示

  4. Loki：日志可视化，查看 Docker 容器日志、系统日志

  5. Redis、MQTT、Zabbix、Home‑Assistant：智能家居、路由器、传感器、宽带设备

/今天是添加prometherus'
"

点击左侧的Connections 下的 add new connection 就是你需要监控的元素了，，

Prometheus或者是在搜索框内搜索你所需的，数据源即你想监控的

选择普罗米修斯之后，

选择你的数据源了，add new data source

在这个URL 里添加，

下滑选择

Save & test

会出现保存成功的

然后去选择你需要面板，也可以自己手搓，

选择左侧的Dashboards ，点开New 下拉菜单的Import

如下图

然后选择load

我的是8191 软路由，

、主流主机面板对比，方便你挑选

表格

面板 ID 特点

8191 界面清爽、自带主机下拉筛选，软路由非常适配

1860（Node‑Exporter‑Full） 功能最全、指标最多，全网最通用老牌面板

11074 极简轻量化，低配机器不容易卡顿

你现在已经在用 8191 就完全够用，日常查看软路由硬件资源非常合适。

二、全套分类‑适配你整套环境的面板清单

1、Docker 容器监控（cadvisor）

14282（首选）：每个容器独立 CPU、内存、网速、磁盘读写、容器运行状态

893：简易容器看板，适合只想简单看占用

2、软路由 iStore‑OS / OpenWrt 专用

13616：WAN 宽带流量、网速曲线图

17076：系统进程、TCP 连接数、负载详情

3、Prometheus 本身运行状态监控

3662：查看采集任务是否掉线、采集延迟、数据库存储空间

4、后续拓展（以后可以加装组件）

Loki 日志面板：13586，查看 docker 容器日志

网速带宽监控：10973